The herbarium of the Swedish Museum of Natural History (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet), internationally known by the acronym S, was founded in 1739 and houses one of the largest botanical collections in the world, with approximately 4.4 million specimens. The collection has been built over nearly three centuries through scientific expeditions, exchanges with other institutions and the work of numerous botanists, representing the diversity of plants, fungi and algae from many regions of the world. The fungi collection (fungarium) comprises approximately 370,000 specimens, representing about 32,000 species. Lichenized fungi are maintained in a separate collection. Among the most important historical collectors represented in the collection are Giacomo Bresadola, Paul Dietel, Paul Hennings, Nils Lundqvist, Heinrich Rehm, Lars Romell, and Paul and Hans Sydow. Only records originating from South America are represented here.

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